摘要： 甘英出使大秦是中外交流史上具有里程碑意义的事件,“大秦”之义是中外交流史研究中的一个经典论题。据鱼豢《魏略》、袁宏《后汉纪》和范晔《后汉书》记载,“大秦”为汉朝知识精英对犁靬(或海西,为当时的罗马帝国或其治下某地区)的命名,缘于该国人和中原人体貌相似、血缘相同、文明相近。这一认识最早应来自东汉后期的某文献。百余年来,中外学术界在对“大秦”的认识上,产生了音译说、汉朝知识精英命名说、汉朝知识精英命名与音译结合说和外族命名说四种观点,至今未有定论。本文认为,“大秦”之“秦”来自汉朝知识精英对胡化汉人的一种专有称呼,与历史上秦人出身华夏却浸染胡风的特征有关;“大”意为“强大”;“大秦”即“胡化汉人建立的强国”。虽然将大秦人视为胡化汉人并无真实依据,但这一做法继承了汉朝知识精英以华夷“共同血缘”构建“天下”的思想传统,是一种通过“华夏祖先徙边”的历史书写推进“华夏边缘”的尝试,体现出他们对“天下”更加宏大的思考和构建。
关键词:
汉代,
罗马,
大秦,
秦人,
天下
Abstract: Gan Ying's mission to Daqin stands as a landmark event in the history of Sino-foreign exchanges,and the meaning of “Daqin” remains a classic topic in the study of cross-cultural interactions.According to the records in Yu Huan's Weilüe,Yuan Hong's Annals of the Later Han,and Fan Ye's The Book of the Later Han,“Daqin” is the name bestowed by Han Dynasty intellectual elites upon Liqian (or Haixi,referring to the Roman Empire or one of its regions),based on their perception that its people share similar physical features,bloodline ties,and cultural affinity with inhabitants of the Central Plains.This understanding likely originates from a certain historical source of the late Eastern Han period.For over a century,scholars both in China and abroad have debated the interpretation of “Daqin”,proposing four primary theories:the transliteration hypothesis,the Han intellectual elite naming hypothesis,the hybrid naming-transliteration hypothesis,and the foreign naming hypothesis,yet no consensus has been reached.This paper contends that the character “Qin” in “Daqin” derives from a specific Han-era term “Qinren” for Huaxia people acculturated by nomadic peoples (“Hu-Hua”),reflecting the historical perception of Qin people as ethnically Huaxia yet culturally influenced by Hu people's traditions.The prefix “Da” denotes “great” or “powerful”,rendering “Daqin” as “the powerful state founded by Huaxia people transformed by nomadic culture”.Although equating Daqin's people with “Hu-Hua” Huaxia lacked factual basis,this conceptualization perpetuated the Han intellectual elite's tradition of constructing a unified “Tianxia”(all-under-heaven) order through the notion of “shared bloodline” between Huaxia and non-Huaxia peoples.It represents an attempt to expand the “frontiers of Huaxia” through historical narratives of “Huaxia ancestors migrating to the periphery”,embodying a grander vision of Tianxia.
Key words:
the Han Dynasty,
Roman Empire,
Daqin,
Qinren,
Tianxia
中图分类号:
K23
引用本文
张子青. 罗马何以名“大秦”:“大秦”国名考论[J]. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2025, 0(6): 103-116.
ZHANG Ziqing. Reasons for Naming Rome “Daqin”:A Study of the State Name “Daqin”[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences), 2025, 0(6): 103-116.
使用本文
/
/
推荐
导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
链接本文:
https://wkxb.bnu.edu.cn/CN/
https://wkxb.bnu.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V0/I6/103